This article aims to examine how the entry of biofuels into Brazil’sinternational agenda came about and which actors and interests have influencedthe formulation of the Brazilian foreign policy on biofuels. To this end, the articlewill be developed in two stages: (1) an analysis of the factors that explain howbiofuels came to fit into Brazilian foreign policy; (2) an analysis of domestic andinternational actors and interests that impact the international strategy adoptedby Brazil on biofuels. To conclude, some final considerations will be presented.