Society is concerned about the large presence of animals without owners that are observed in all cities and that can be transmitters of numerous diseases to other animals as well as humans, the so-called zoonoses. This is why the concern to promote population control of these animals has been increasingly discussed among public administrators, public bodies and organized civil society. In the city of João Pessoa-PB an estimated population of 75,000 dogs is estimated. In order to minimize the possibility of an increased growth of street animals, the Center for Environmental Monitoring and Zoonoses through Dogs and Cats Population Control Unit develops out a very important work in this sense that is the Performing of castrations surgeries in both dogs and cats. Using documentary research methodology in specific material to the said Institution and by performing statistical weightings in the data collected, well expressive results were obtained. In 2017, it was scientifically verified that there was a difference of 0.05% of significance in the observations made between male and female dogs that were submitted to castration this year. Over the 12-month analysis period, there was a monthly average of surgical procedures involving male canines of 14 animals/month and 19 animals/month for females, resulting in 166 male and 224 castrated females, totalizing 390 sterile canines in the municipality of João Pessoa - PB during the year. This number is very significant, as each female can generate an average of eight pups per gestation and get pregnant six times per year, which would have a high population impact on the total number of animals without owners in the city. It is concluded that castration presents methodologically, as a safe technique for the reduction of domestic animals, with and without tutors, contributing to the population control of the species involved and the Prevention of the spread of zoonoses.
