In this editorial, we reflect on the benefits and legacy of the water crisis in Brazil
between 2013 and 2014, which affected the water supply in many regions and especially in
the southeast region, with emphasis on the conflict between the states of São Paulo and Rio de
Janeiro over the right to use the water of the ParaÃba do Sul River Basin. We analyze the
current state of water resource management, the integrated use of water and energy and
possible solutions to expand the availability of fresh water.
