In the last two years, we have read interesting literature about central venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), and empty sella (ES) after COVID-19 infection or vaccination1-32. The objective is to present short comments on the main contents of published articles focusing these topics, with base on Pubmed Medline in the period from 2021 and 2023. The term ES was first used by Sheehan HL and Summers VK in 1949 when they reported the empty aspect of the sella turcica containing flattened pituitary in autopsy study25-27. And was further adopted by radiologists due to similar appearance of the sella observed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain.27,30 ES, or arachnoidocele, is characterized by subarachnoid space herniated into the sella, with compression and flattening of the pituitary gland and stretching of the stalk28,30,32. ES may be primary or secondary, with the sella filled by cerebrospinal fluid and the pituitary compression producing hormonal disorders, hyponatremia, and weakness25-32. Up to 35% of ES are primary, more often in middle aged obese hypertensive women; and images of total or partial ES can appear in patients with intracranial hypertension30. Among 402 patients with primary ES, 63% were women and mean age of 51.5 ± 16 years; they presented hypopituitarism (hypogonadism: 20.4%, hypoadrenalism: 14.7%, growth hormone deficiency: 14.7%, hypothyroidism: 10.2%, diabetes insipidus: 1.5%, and multiple deficiencies: 11.4%) in addition to hyperprolactinemia in 6.5% of the cases29.
