The purpose of this article is to discuss the historical bias of high land concentration in Brazil, repercussion of a country characterized by uneven distribution of income, linking it to the degradation of the country’s food situation and poverty in rural areas. Thus, is discussed the institution of hereditary capitanies, speaking about the sesmarias concessions, the Land Law of 1850 and the current latifundium, among other important elements linked to the matter. Furthermore, the capitalist character of the national agriculture, which results in inequity in access to land, and the main struggle movements in Brazilian field, such as Peasant Leagues, Araguaia guerrilla and Movement of Landless Workers (MST), are also discussed. In this perspective, bibliographic research and documentary analysis were the methodological procedures adopted in the study, whose bias is qualitative.
