Introduction:Breast cancer is a major public health problem, and the diagnosis in its initial phase is extremely important for a better prognosis and treatment of the affected woman.Objective:To establish an epidemiological profile of breast cancer in the State of Roraima, from 2009 to 2013, as well as to verify if mammography influences the improvement of lethality rates. We also sought to compare the incidence of breast neoplasia in Brazilianregions and among indigenous and non-indigenous women.
Methods:This is an epidemiological, analytical, longitudinal, retrospective study of a quantitative approach based on the Breast Cancer Information System (SISMAMA), associated to the Department of Informatics of SUS (DATASUS). The analyzed variables were the number of mammograms performed in the State of Roraima between 2009 and 2013, according to age and school level. It was also evaluated how the region and ethnicity variables can contribute to the incidence and estimation of cancer, reported by the National Cancer Institute (INCA).
Discussion And Results:The study shows that with increasing age, the risk of developing the disease also increases. From the age of 50, it is verified that the disease presents a higher rate, since 80% of the diagnosed cases are concentrated in this age group. There is an increase in the number of exams performed between the ages of 40 and 60 between 2010 and 2012, evidencing that the population follows the Ministry of Health's recommendations. Regarding the quantity of mammograms performed according to schooling, it is possible to realize that the number of exams in illiterate people is the lowest of the school levels. Considering the national scope, the estimate presented by the National scope, the estimate presented by the National Institute of Oncology (INCA), reveals that breast cancer is the first most frequent in women of the South region (74.30% / 100 thousand), the Southeast (68.08 / 100 thousand), the Midwest (55.87 / 100 thousand)and the Northeast (38.74 / 100 thousand) and the North incident (22.26 / 100 thousand). It is possible to deduce that the low incidence of breast cancer in the North and Northeast regions may be related to underreporting, since the number of mammograms, also used for screening, is very low. Regarding indigenous and non-indigenous individuals, according to INCA, the incidence rate of breast cancer in indigenous people corresponds to 3.3% of the total data collected in Roraima. This suggests less exposure ofnon-indigenous women to risk factors classically associated with cancer, with lower consumption of industrialized foods, contraceptive use and menopausal hormone therapy among indigenous women.
Conclusion:It was possible to know the epidemiology of breast cancer in the State of Roraima, in the other regions of Brazil and among indigenous and non-indigenous women. The study points out deficiency in the prevention actions, which causes a greater susceptibility to bad prognoses. The importance of improving access to preventive mammograms in order to increase the probability of treatment and cure is emphasized, and there is a need for more in-depth studies that highlight the problem in depth.
