Macambira is popularly designated to two species of Bromeliaceae: Bromelia laciniosa and Encholirium spectabile. Both species are xerophilous and have morphological and physiological structures adapted to the semiarid climate. Floristic studies are essential for the knowledge of existing species in certain areas and provide information on diversity, distribution, life forms, and conservation. Sympatry is defined as when two or more populations overlap without crossings between individuals of different species in the same geographical distribution. In this way, the objective of this study was to present the species that occur in sympatry with the macambiras in Serra do Jatobá, municipality of Milagres, Bahia, Brazil. Thirty-seven species belonging to three subfamilies were observed living in sympatry with the macambiras: Bromelioideae (19 spp.), Tillandsioideae (16 spp.), and Pitcairnioideae (2 spp.). The most representative genera of Bromelioideae were Tillandsia (13 spp.) and Hohenbergia (4 spp.). The genera Alcantarea, Bromelia, Cryptanthus, Dyckia, Encholirium, Karawata, and Neoglaziovia, presented only one species each. From the observed species, 70.26% are endemic to Brazil. From these, 32.4% occur exclusively in Bahia. About the status conservation, the species Aechmea disjuncta and Tillandsia milagrensis are considered ‘Endangered’, and Alcantarea nahoumii and Orthophytum rubrum are considered ‘Vulnerable’. The results presented can support conservation studies of these species and, in the future, support the creation of a conservation unit in the inselbergs of Bahia because these environments are maintainers of biodiversity and work as an “oasis” of the Caatinga.
