Brazil was the only American country that, when independent (1822), established a national monarchy that reigned for almost seventy years. From the late 1840’s until the proclamation of the Republic (1889), also worked a parliamentary system in unitarian country. From one hour to another, our leaders decided to replace the system of government for a presidentialism and, in the other hand, the unitary form of state by the federal one. All these deviations in only one political transition.