A água de reúso é um recurso proveniente de efluentes tratados e pode ser uma fonte alternativa de água para agricultura. No entanto, é importante a avaliação da sua qualidade para não causar agravos a saúde ambiental e humana. O objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade sanitária (bacteriológica, físicas e químicas) de amostras de água de reúso para irrigação da agricultura, de acordo com padrões estabelecidos em normativas brasileiras e internacional. Foram realizadas análises bacteriológicas, sendo os resultados comparados com a norma da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas NBR nº 13.969/1997. E foram feitas análises físicas e químicas das amostras de água de reúso, sendo os resultados comparados com os padrões das normativas: Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente do Ceará nº 2 de 2017; Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Recursos Hídricos da Bahia nº 75 de 2010; e “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. As análises bacteriológicas mostraram que as amostras “clorada” e “polida” estavam próprias para agricultura, de acordo com as normativas brasileiras. No entanto a amostra “biológica” estava imprópria para uso, apresentando nível elevado de coliformes termotolerantes (25,800 CFU/mL). Segundo as análises bacteriológicas e físico-químicas apenas a amostra de reúso “polida” estava própria para reúso agrícola. O estudo mostrou a importância da forma de tratamento de água de reúso para qualidade sanitária da água, e isso é fundamental a criação de lei federal de reúso agrícola, a fim de evitar danos à saúde humana e ambiental.
Palavras-chave: agricultura; avaliação bacteriológica e físico-química; normativas de reúso na agricultura; reúso agrícola
Reused water is produced from treated effluents, and can be an alternative source of water for agriculture. However, its quality must be assessed to avoid causing damage to human and environmental health. This study evaluated the sanitary quality (bacteriological and physicochemical) of reused water samples for agricultural irrigation, compared with those described in Brazilian and international regulations. Bacteriological analyses were performed, and the results were compared with the norm of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT) NBR nº 13.969/1997. Physical and chemical analyses of the reused water samples were carried out, and the results were compared with the standards described by regulations: Resolution of the State Council for the Environment of Ceará No. 2 of 2017; Resolution of the Bahia State Water Resources Council No. 75 of 2010; and “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. According to Brazilian regulations, bacteriological analyses showed that the "chlorinated" and "polished" samples were suitable for agriculture. However, the “biological" sample was unsuitable for use, and showed a high level of thermotolerant coliforms (25.800 CFU / mL). According to bacteriological and physical-chemical analyses, the “polished” sample was only proper for agriculture irrigation. Therefore, the work suggests the creation of federal law regarding agricultural reuse to control the sanitary quality of water for human and environmental health.
Keywords: agricultural reuse; agriculture; bacteriological and physicochemical evaluation; norms for reuse in agriculture
Reused water is produced from treated effluents, and can be an alternative source of water for agriculture. However, its quality must be assessed to avoid causing damage to human and environmental health. This study evaluated the sanitary quality (bacteriological and physicochemical) of reused water samples for agricultural irrigation, compared with those described in Brazilian and international regulations. Bacteriological analyses were performed, and the results were compared with the norm of the Brazilian Association of Technical Norms (ABNT) NBR nº 13.969/1997. Physical and chemical analyses of the reused water samples were carried out, and the results were compared with the standards described by regulations: Resolution of the State Council for the Environment of Ceará No. 2 of 2017; Resolution of the Bahia State Water Resources Council No. 75 of 2010; and “Guidelines for Water Reuse” from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency - EPA. According to Brazilian regulations, bacteriological analyses showed that the "chlorinated" and "polished" samples were suitable for agriculture. However, the “biological" sample was unsuitable for use, and showed a high level of thermotolerant coliforms (25.800 CFU / mL). According to bacteriological and physical-chemical analyses, the “polished” sample was only proper for agriculture irrigation. Therefore, the work suggests the creation of federal law regarding agricultural reuse to control the sanitary quality of water for human and environmental health.
Keywords: agricultural reuse; agriculture; bacteriological and physicochemical evaluation; norms for reuse in agriculture
