Listeria infections were recently reported in Spain, raising the suspicion index of health care workers about the inclusion of this entity in the roll of differential diagnosis, mainly among those patients considered of a higher risk. Indeed, there is a possibility of unsuspected, misdiagnosed, or under reported infections. Therefore, even the single case reports surely can contribute to enhance the awareness of non-specialists to follow the procedures to discard this differential diagnostic hypothesis. The aim is commenting on recent international articles, besides one published in this Journal about spontaneous peritonitis by Listeria monocytogenes, which may rapidly evolve to irreversible death.
