Persistent Right Aortic Arch in a Dog
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae
Persistent Right Aortic Arch in a Dog
Autor Correspondente: Ana Maria Quessada | [email protected]
Palavras-chave: congenital malformation, esophagus, megaesophagus, surgery
Resumos Cadastrados
Resumo Inglês:
Background: Vascular ring anomalies were congenital malformation of the great vessels, caused by defects in embryogenesis
of the aortic arches. In dogs the most common type is persistent right aortic arch (PRAA). The PRAA occurs when the fourth
right aortic arch persists instead of left to form the aorta. This malformation causes extraluminal compression of the esophagus
up to the base of the heart. The constriction leads to esophageal dilatation secondary, located cranial to the base heart. The
food, which can not progress beyond the narrowing, is regurgitated intermittently. Thus, the main clinical sign of disease is
regurgitation when the patient starts eating solid foods. Respiratory clinical signs (mainly pneumonia by aspiration) may
occur and can complicate the disease. The diagnosis is suspected by history (puppies at weaning) and physical examination.
The diagnosis is confirmed by the esophagogram, where the image is characteristic (esophagic dilatation cranial base of the
heart). The treatment of the affection is surgical, with transection and ligature of the vascular ring, viewed during thoracotomy
by fourth intercostal space. The postoperative management which consists mainly of liquid diet and/or pasty is important for
total recovery of the animal. In some cases, the animal must receive a special diet for life to prevent regurgitation. However at
long term, most operated animal presents important sequels. These sequelae include respiratory disorders and low development
of animal. The objective of the present paper is to relate a case of bitch with persistent right aortic arch, successful treated
surgically, without serious clinical consequences.
Case: A mongrel bitch with 2 months of age was attended at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of the PiauÃ,
Brazil, with vomiting. At the clinical examination was observed increase in volume in the cervical region. Radiographic
examination revealed dilatation cranial to the heart base, characterizing megaesohagus. The diagnosis was PRAA. The dog
was submitted at thoracotomy by fourth right intercostal space. The ligamentum arteriosum was localized and ligated at the
distal and craniallly. During transoperative was made blood transfusion for correction of the anemia detected in preoperative
period. The chest wall was closed routinely. Two days after surgery the dog was discharged. The postoperative diet consisted
of liquids for a week, followed by semi-solid food always in bipedal position. After discharge, the owner returned for monthly
visits for a year, with completion of physical examination and radiographs.
Discussion: PRAA is most common in purebred dog, but in this case the animal is a mixed breed dog. The diagnosis was
suspected due to history, and confirmed by esophagogram, where there was megaesophagus cranial to the heart base, according
by literature. The surgical treatment, rapidly decided, and the absence of pneumonia, which is the main complication
postsurgical, contributed to the observed good results. The blood transfusion to correct anemia also was important for the
recovery of the animal. There is an esophageal dilatation after one year, however no clinical manifestation occurs. The dog has
a normal life. Excellent results as in the case reported here have a slower rate than 10%.
