Alongside the Revolutions resulting from long anti-colonial wars such as Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Zimbabwe, an innovative element has developed, the Military Coups of a new kind, which have introduced revolutionary regimes called Marxist-Leninist. This is the case of Somalia (1969) and Ethiopia (1974), the most emblematic case, but also of four French-speaking countries: Congo-Brazzaville (1968), Daomey/Benin (1972-74), Madagascar (1975) and Alto Volta/Burkina Faso (1983), which established Regimes throughout the 1970s and 1980s. The original and controversial revolutionary experiences presented here, the Marxist Military Regimes, are different from the first states ruled by the so-called “African Socialism” just after independence, in the passage from 1950 to 1960: Ghana (1957), Guinea (1958), Mali (1960), Tanzania (1961), Zambia (1964) and Algeria (1962).
